Transparency

Every Claim Is Checkable

Every number and every study we mention, listed with its source — so you can check it yourself.

  • 66claims listed
  • 70sources linked
  • Oct 4, 2026last checked

Why we do thisShow the work, not just the claim

Health claims are easy to make and hard to check. So every number and every study we mention — on this site, on our product pages and in our Migraine Food Guide — is listed below, with the exact sentence, where we say it, and a link to the source: the study on PubMed (the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s database) or the official document it comes from. Read it, bring it to your doctor, make up your own mind.

Studies concern individual ingredients and approaches, not our product. STOP MIGRAINE RELIEF, RECOVERY and Relief Audio have not themselves been tested in clinical trials. When a study used a different form (taken by mouth, inhaled, a higher concentration) or a different condition (tension-type headache, surgery), we say so under “Keep in mind.”

Found a number on our site that isn’t here, or doesn’t match its source? Tell us at hello@trystopmigraine.com and we’ll correct it.

How to read itNot all evidence weighs the same

  1. Guideline or official documentExperts or regulators weigh all the available evidence.
  2. Systematic review or meta-analysisPools many studies. Only as good as the studies inside it.
  3. Randomized controlled trialCompares a treatment with a placebo or another option, assigned by chance. “Double-blind” means neither patients nor researchers know who got what.
  4. Open-label or pilot studyEveryone knows what they’re getting. A first signal, not proof.
  5. Survey, diary or observational studyDescribes what people experience. Shows links, not cause and effect.
  6. Lab or animal studyExplains how something might work. Doesn’t show that it works in people.

Size matters too: a trial of 35 people is a signal, not a verdict.

The claimsMigraine basics

What happens in a migraine, and why timing matters.

  1. “Migraine isn't “just a headache.” It's a neurological event driven by the trigeminal nerve — the main sensory nerve of your head and face.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Home page · RELIEF product page · Our articles
    Source
    Goadsby PJ et al. Physiological Reviews, 2017 · PubMed 28179394
    Noseda R, Burstein R. Pain, 2013 · PubMed 23891892
    Study
    Two scientific reviews of how migraine works

  2. “77% of people with migraine experience warning signs before the pain.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles · Migraine Food Guide, p. 8
    Source
    Laurell K et al. Cephalalgia, 2016 · PubMed 26643378
    Study
    Questionnaire study · 2,223 people with migraine (2,714 surveyed)
    Keep in mind
    Participants came from Finnish migraine families; the authors caution that the group was not fully representative of everyone with migraine. Yawning was the most common sign (34%).

  3. “In an electronic-diary study, people predicted their headache correctly from 72% of their warning-sign entries; the most frequent signs were tiredness, trouble concentrating and a stiff neck.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 8
    Source
    Giffin NJ et al. Neurology, 2003 · PubMed 12654956
    Study
    Diary study over 3 months · 120 patients recruited, 97 with usable data
    Keep in mind
    Patients were recruited because they already noticed warning signs, so this describes people who have them, not everyone with migraine.

  4. “People with migraine tend to have slower stomach emptying — during and between attacks: in one small study, 149.9 minutes to empty half of it during an attack (188.8 minutes between attacks), versus 111.8 minutes in people without migraine.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles
    Source
    Aurora SK et al. Headache, 2006 · PubMed 16412152
    Study
    Gastric scan study · 10 people with migraine vs 10 without
    Keep in mind
    Very small study. Emptying was slow both during and between attacks — in fact a little less slow during an attack.

  5. “The most-prescribed migraine pill reaches its peak blood level about 2.5 hours after you take it during an attack.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles
    Source
    Imitrex (sumatriptan) tablets, FDA prescribing information, section 12.3 · FDA label (DailyMed)
    Tepper SJ, Johnstone MR. Medical Devices: Evidence and Research, 2018 (“sumatriptan as the most common” oral triptan) · PubMed 29760572
    Study
    Official drug label · review article
    Keep in mind
    The label compares about 2.5 hours during an attack with about 2.0 hours outside an attack.

  6. “In a study of nearly 3,000 people diagnosed with “sinus headache,” 88% actually met the criteria for migraine.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles
    Source
    Schreiber CP et al. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2004 · PubMed 15364670
    Study
    Clinic screening study · 2,991 patients
    Keep in mind
    The 88% combines migraine (80%) and “migrainous disorder,” a close migraine-type diagnosis (8%).

  7. “When that system activates, trigeminal nerve endings release a messenger called CGRP — the same molecule the newest prescription migraine drugs are designed to block.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Goadsby PJ et al. Annals of Neurology, 1990 · PubMed 1699472
    Ailani J et al. (American Headache Society). Headache, 2021 · PubMed 34160823
    Study
    Blood-sampling study during attacks · expert consensus statement

  8. “If touch, hair or your pillow hurts during an attack, that's called cutaneous allodynia — a sign your trigeminal nerve is sensitized.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles
    Source
    Burstein R et al. Annals of Neurology, 2000 · PubMed 10805332
    Study
    Clinical study measuring skin pain thresholds during and outside attacks
    Keep in mind
    Allodynia was found in 79% of the patients studied.

  9. “Aura usually lasts 5 to 60 minutes, and the headache follows within the hour.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3), 1.2 Migraine with aura · ICHD-3 criteria
    Study
    Official diagnostic criteria
    Keep in mind
    These are typical features used for diagnosis; some auras last longer, and the headache can also start during the aura.

  10. “In a population study of 5,000 women, about 1 in 5 women with migraine (22%) had attacks in at least half of their periods.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Vetvik KG et al. Cephalalgia, 2014 · PubMed 24101732
    Study
    Population study · 5,000 women screened
    Keep in mind
    All participants were aged 30 to 34.

  11. “Across studies, menstrual migraine affects about 20–25% of women with migraine.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA. Lancet Neurology, 2021 · PubMed 33600767
    Study
    Review
    Keep in mind
    In the general population; the share is higher among patients seen in headache clinics.

  12. “The International Classification of Headache Disorders describes “menstrual migraine” as attacks that start between 2 days before and the 3rd day of your period, in at least 2 out of 3 cycles.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    ICHD-3, Appendix A1.1.1 · ICHD-3 criteria
    Study
    Official diagnostic criteria
    Keep in mind
    These criteria sit in the appendix, used mainly for research.

  13. “Attacks cluster when estrogen falls before your period, and fewer happen while estrogen is rising.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    MacGregor EA et al. Neurology, 2006 · PubMed 16971700
    Study
    Hormone and diary study over 3 cycles · 38 women
    Keep in mind
    Small study.

  14. “Women with migraine show a faster estrogen drop before their period than women without (40% vs. 30% in two days).”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Pavlović JM et al. Neurology, 2016 · PubMed 27251885
    Study
    Observational hormone study · 114 women with migraine, 223 without

  15. “In one diary study, period migraines lasted 23.4 hours vs. 16.1 hours for other migraines.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Pinkerman B, Holroyd K. Cephalalgia, 2010 · PubMed 20855364
    Study
    Electronic diary study · 107 women with menstrually-related migraine

  16. “Another found they lasted on average 10.6 hours longer and came with severe nausea more often.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Vetvik KG et al. Cephalalgia, 2015 · PubMed 25754177
    Study
    Diary study · 56 women diagnosed with menstrual migraine
    Keep in mind
    The difference was found only in women who meet the criteria for menstrual migraine.

  17. “Pain-free at 2 hours after treatment: 13.5% of menstrual attacks vs. 32.9% of other attacks.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Granella F et al. Cephalalgia, 2004 · PubMed 15315526
    Study
    Diary study · 64 women seen in headache centers

  18. “They were also more likely to come back within 24 hours (36.0% vs. 19.6%).”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Pinkerman B, Holroyd K. Cephalalgia, 2010 · PubMed 20855364
    Study
    Electronic diary study · 107 women
    Keep in mind
    Measured after a 4-hour pain-free response.

The claimsRELIEF

The ingredients of our first-sign roll-on: menthol, peppermint oil, German chamomile, feverfew, magnesium.

  1. “Menthol activates TRPM8 — the skin's cold receptor, first identified in trigeminal nerve cells.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · RELIEF product page · Our articles
    Source
    McKemy DD et al. Nature, 2002 · PubMed 11882888
    Peier AM et al. Cell, 2002 · PubMed 11893340
    Study
    Laboratory studies
    Keep in mind
    Done on cells and nerve cells in the lab, not in people.

  2. “Cold-sensing nerve endings sit in the very top layer of your skin — right where you roll it on.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles
    Source
    Dhaka A et al. Journal of Neuroscience, 2008 · PubMed 18199758
    Study
    Laboratory study
    Keep in mind
    Animal study (mice).

  3. “Menthol heightens the perception of cooling.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Green BG. Somatosensory & Motor Research, 1992 · PubMed 1414120
    Study
    Laboratory study in people
    Keep in mind
    Tested on forearm skin.

  4. “Menthol has been tested on the forehead and temples in a randomized, placebo-controlled migraine trial.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · RELIEF product page · Our articles
    Source
    Borhani Haghighi A et al. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2010 · PubMed 20456191
    Study
    Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial · 35 patients, 118 attacks
    Keep in mind
    The trial used a 10% menthol solution, a higher concentration than in our roll-on. Small study.

  5. “Researchers at the Jefferson Headache Center tested a menthol gel at the base of the skull during migraine attacks.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles
    Source
    St Cyr A et al. Frontiers in Neurology, 2015 · PubMed 25699012
    Study
    Open-label pilot study · 25 patients
    Keep in mind
    No placebo group, so the result can't be separated from expectation.

  6. “In a double-blind trial, 10% peppermint oil on the forehead and temples worked as well as 1,000 mg of acetaminophen for tension-type headache — with relief starting at 15 minutes.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · RELIEF product page · Home page · Our articles
    Source
    Göbel H et al. Nervenarzt, 1996 · PubMed 8805113
    Study
    Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial · 41 patients, 164 headaches
    Keep in mind
    Tension-type headache, not migraine. The trial used 10% peppermint oil in alcohol.

  7. “Peppermint oil on the skin is recognized by the European Medicines Agency for the relief of tension-type headache.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Our articles
    Source
    European Medicines Agency, herbal monograph Mentha × piperita L., aetheroleum (EMA/HMPC/522410/2013) · EMA monograph
    Study
    Official regulatory monograph (“well-established use”)
    Keep in mind
    The exact wording is “mild tension-type headache,” for adults (not under 18).

  8. “A randomized, double-blind trial in Neurological Sciences found a topical chamomile preparation reduced migraine pain, nausea and light sensitivity within 30 minutes.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · RELIEF product page · Home page · Our articles
    Source
    Zargaran A et al. Neurological Sciences, 2018 · PubMed 29808331
    Study
    Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial · 100 enrolled, 72 completed
    Keep in mind
    The trial used a chamomile oleogel, not our roll-on.

  9. “Menthol and chamomile: the two plant actives with positive clinical findings for migraine attacks in a 2020 systematic review.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · Home page · Our articles
    Source
    Lopresti AL et al. Phytotherapy Research, 2020 · PubMed 32310327
    Study
    Systematic review · 19 randomized trials
    Keep in mind
    The review calls these findings preliminary and notes a high risk of bias in many studies.

  10. “Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium): its MIG-99 extract was rated “probably effective” for migraine prevention by the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Holland S et al. (AAN/AHS guideline). Neurology, 2012 · PubMed 22529203
    Study
    Clinical practice guideline (Level B)
    Keep in mind
    Oral extract, not applied to the skin.

  11. “In a 16-week trial it lowered monthly attacks versus placebo.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Diener HC et al. Cephalalgia, 2005 · PubMed 16232154
    Study
    Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · 170 patients
    Keep in mind
    Oral extract. Attacks fell by 1.9 a month vs 1.3 on placebo.

  12. “Its active compound, parthenolide, reduced CGRP release in lab studies.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Materazzi S et al. Pain, 2013 · PubMed 23933184
    Study
    Laboratory study
    Keep in mind
    Done in cells and rodents.

  13. “Magnesium carries a “strong recommendation” for migraine prevention from the Canadian Headache Society.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Pringsheim T et al. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 2012 · PubMed 22683887
    Study
    Clinical practice guideline
    Keep in mind
    Magnesium citrate taken by mouth.

  14. “In a double-blind trial, oral magnesium cut attack frequency by 41.6%, versus 15.8% on placebo.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles · Migraine Food Guide, p. 14
    Source
    Peikert A et al. Cephalalgia, 1996 · PubMed 8792038
    Study
    Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · 81 patients
    Keep in mind
    600 mg a day by mouth; 18.6% had diarrhea.

  15. “Magnesium deficiency may affect up to half of people with migraine.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Mauskop A, Varughese J. Journal of Neural Transmission, 2012 · PubMed 22426836
    Study
    Review
    Keep in mind
    An expert review, not a measurement study.

  16. “In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of women with menstrual migraine, oral magnesium taken in the second half of the cycle reduced headache days; the women also had lower magnesium levels inside their cells than controls.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles · Migraine Food Guide, p. 17
    Source
    Facchinetti F et al. Headache, 1991 · PubMed 1860787
    Study
    Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · 20 women
    Keep in mind
    Very small study; oral magnesium.

The claimsRECOVERY

The migraine hangover, and why our day-after roll-on is lavender-free.

  1. “The pain is gone, but you're not back. Neurologists call it the postdrome — patients call it the migraine hangover.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · RECOVERY product page · Our articles
    Source
    Giffin NJ et al. Neurology, 2016 · PubMed 27335112
    Ng-Mak DS et al. Headache, 2011 · PubMed 21198571
    Study
    Diary study · interview study with patients
    Keep in mind
    In the interviews, patients' own words were “headache hangover” and “wiped out.”

  2. “81% of people with migraine have symptoms after the pain ends — exhaustion, brain fog, a stiff neck.”

    Where we say it
    Science page · RECOVERY product page · Duo product page · Our articles
    Source
    Thuraiaiyah J et al. Journal of Headache and Pain, 2024 · PubMed 38383318
    Giffin NJ et al. Neurology, 2016 (most frequent symptoms: tiredness, difficulty concentrating, stiff neck) · PubMed 27335112
    Study
    Cross-sectional study · 631 people with migraine; electronic diary study · 120 patients
    Keep in mind
    80.7% reported at least one symptom when shown a list of 16 (66.7% without the list). Patients came from a headache center.

  3. “It lasts 25 hours on average.”

    Where we say it
    Science page
    Source
    Kelman L. Cephalalgia, 2006 · PubMed 16426278
    Study
    Clinic study · 827 patients
    Keep in mind
    Average duration (25.2 hours) among patients who had a postdrome; 88% had one lasting 24 hours or less.

  4. “Just as long, no matter which medication was taken.”

    Where we say it
    RECOVERY product page
    Source
    Giffin NJ et al. Neurology, 2016 · PubMed 27335112
    Carvalho IV et al. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2022 · PubMed 35985096
    Study
    Diary study · 120 patients; questionnaire study · 100 patients
    Keep in mind
    Refers to how long the postdrome lasts: no link was found with the medication taken for the headache.

  5. “82.8% say it affects their quality of life.”

    Where we say it
    Science page
    Source
    Carvalho IV et al. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2022 · PubMed 35985096
    Study
    Questionnaire study · 100 patients with migraine
    Keep in mind
    Patients from one hospital clinic.

  6. “Neurologists call it the least studied phase of migraine.”

    Where we say it
    Science page
    Source
    Bose P, Goadsby PJ. Current Opinion in Neurology, 2016 · PubMed 26886356
    Study
    Review

  7. “Nearly half of people with migraine are sensitive to smells, and for 40% an odor can trigger an attack.”

    Where we say it
    RECOVERY product page · Our articles
    Source
    Briggs EE et al. World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 2025 · PubMed 42500087
    Study
    Meta-analysis · 58 studies, 22,299 patients
    Keep in mind
    The authors note the true rate is hard to pin down, because studies were included only if they reported on smell sensitivity.

  8. “47.8% of people with migraine have osmophobia (sensitivity to smells), and for 40.1% an odor can trigger an attack — perfume being the #1 odor trigger.”

    Where we say it
    RECOVERY product page
    Source
    Briggs EE et al. 2025 · PubMed 42500087
    Study
    Meta-analysis · 58 studies, 22,299 patients
    Keep in mind
    Same limit as above.

  9. “RECOVERY is a light, fresh blend of rosemary, sweet orange, ginger, peppermint, German chamomile and cardamom: aromas studied in randomized trials for alertness and for queasiness.”

    Where we say it
    Our articles
    Source
    Moss M et al. International Journal of Neuroscience, 2003 (rosemary) · PubMed 12690999
    Moss M et al. International Journal of Neuroscience, 2008 (peppermint) · PubMed 18041606
    Hunt R et al. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2013 (ginger, blend with cardamom) · PubMed 22392970
    Khatiban M et al. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 2022 (cardamom) · PubMed 35581106
    Study
    Randomized trials of inhaled aromas · 144, 144, 301 and 70 participants
    Keep in mind
    Alertness was tested in healthy volunteers and queasiness after surgery — not in migraine, and not with our product.

The claimsRelief Audio

Guided self-hypnosis and binaural tones.

  1. “In a randomized trial of 43 people with migraine, those who listened to self-hypnosis sessions as MP3s reduced their headache disability score by 48%, versus 2% on the waiting list. Attack frequency and intensity did not differ significantly.”

    Where we say it
    Relief Audio page · Science page
    Source
    Flynn N. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2019 · PubMed 31251706
    Study
    Randomized trial vs waiting list · 43 participants
    Keep in mind
    Small study, and the comparison group received nothing (not a placebo audio).

  2. “A 2026 systematic review of 9 studies (406 participants) found hypnosis consistently reduced migraine symptoms, while noting methodological limits.”

    Where we say it
    Relief Audio page · Science page
    Source
    Cardinal E et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2026 · PubMed 41974234
    Study
    Systematic review · 9 studies, 406 participants
    Keep in mind
    No pooled analysis was possible because the studies were too different.

  3. “In a 2025 meta-analysis of trials in surgical settings, binaural-beat audio reduced anxiety compared with neutral audio.”

    Where we say it
    Relief Audio page
    Source
    Xiong J et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2025 · PubMed 41176178
    Study
    Meta-analysis · 15 randomized trials
    Keep in mind
    Patients around surgery, not people with migraine. Results varied a lot between trials.

  4. “Binaural stimulation has also been studied as a 3-month evening routine at a headache center in Milan (preliminary results).”

    Where we say it
    Relief Audio page · Science page
    Source
    Lovati C et al. Neurological Sciences, 2019 · PubMed 30838547
    Study
    Short report of preliminary results
    Keep in mind
    No figures are given in the summary.

The claimsFood Guide

A selection of the numbers in our Migraine Food Guide. The PDF lists all 72 references.

  1. “At a headache center in Atlanta, 1,207 patients rated their triggers: 57% named not eating — behind only stress and hormones. Specific foods? 27%.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 4
    Source
    Kelman L. Cephalalgia, 2007 · PubMed 17403039
    Study
    Clinic survey · 1,207 patients
    Keep in mind
    Self-reported triggers; “hormones” was asked of women only.

  2. “In 32 people with migraine observing Ramadan, migraine days rose from 3.7 in a normal month to 9.4 during the fasting month.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 4
    Source
    Abu-Salameh I et al. Journal of Headache and Pain, 2010 · PubMed 20652352
    Study
    Observational study · 32 people
    Keep in mind
    Small study.

  3. “In a trial at the Jefferson Headache Center, 18 of 34 people with fasting-triggered migraine developed a headache during a 20-hour fast while taking a placebo.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 4
    Source
    Latsko M et al. Headache, 2011 · PubMed 21269298
    Study
    Randomized trial (placebo arm) · 74 randomized

  4. “People who usually had no caffeine, one to two servings, or three to four servings a day had similar headache frequency: 7.1, 7.4 and 5.9 headache days a month.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 5
    Source
    Mittleman MR et al. Headache, 2024 · PubMed 38318677
    Study
    Prospective diary cohort · 101 adults with episodic migraine

  5. “Adults who usually drank about 235 mg a day (roughly 2.5 cups of coffee) were switched to placebo capsules without knowing it. 52% got a moderate or severe headache.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 5
    Source
    Silverman K et al. New England Journal of Medicine, 1992 · PubMed 1528206
    Study
    Double-blind study · 62 adults
    Keep in mind
    Adults without migraine.

  6. “The water group's migraine-specific quality-of-life score improved, and 47% felt “much improved,” versus 25% in the comparison group. But the number of days with moderate headache did not change.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 7
    Source
    Spigt M et al. Family Practice, 2012 · PubMed 22113647
    Study
    Randomized trial · 102 patients

  7. “In 63 women with chronic headache, chocolate was no more likely than carob (a look-alike) to bring on a headache.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 8
    Source
    Marcus DA et al. Cephalalgia, 1997 · PubMed 9453274
    Study
    Double-blind provocation study · 63 women

  8. “A 2020 review found that in 23 of 25 surveys, between 1.3% and 33% of people reported chocolate as a trigger, while all three blinded provocation studies were negative.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 8
    Source
    Nowaczewska M et al. Nutrients, 2020 · PubMed 32110888
    Study
    Review

  9. “A meta-analysis of 85 studies and 27,122 people found that about 81% endorse at least one trigger.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 9
    Source
    Pellegrino ABW et al. Cephalalgia, 2018 · PubMed 28825314
    Study
    Meta-analysis · 85 studies
    Keep in mind
    Includes people with migraine or tension-type headache.

  10. “When Danish researchers exposed 27 people to the triggers they themselves had reported (bright light, intense exercise), only 3 (11%) developed their usual aura attack.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 9
    Source
    Hougaard A et al. Neurology, 2013 · PubMed 23345632
    Study
    Provocation study · 27 people with migraine with aura

  11. “35.6% of 2,197 people named alcohol; red wine was the most cited drink (77.8% of them). Red wine consistently led to an attack in only 8.8%.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 9
    Source
    Onderwater GLJ et al. European Journal of Neurology, 2019 · PubMed 30565341
    Study
    Online questionnaire · 2,197 people with migraine
    Keep in mind
    Self-reported.

  12. “In NEJM, 40 self-identified reactors had headaches after 35% of aspartame doses vs. 45% after placebo.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 9
    Source
    Schiffman SS et al. New England Journal of Medicine, 1987 · PubMed 3657889
    Study
    Double-blind crossover trial · 40 people

  13. “In 100 people with migraine and low levels of the enzyme that breaks down histamine (DAO), a DAO supplement shortened attacks from 6.1 to 4.8 hours; placebo went from 7.5 to 6.7 hours.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 10
    Source
    Izquierdo-Casas J et al. Clinical Nutrition, 2019 · PubMed 29475774
    Study
    Randomized, double-blind trial · 100 patients
    Keep in mind
    Only in people with low DAO levels.

  14. “Compared with the control diet, H3-L6 cut headache days by 4.0 a month and total headache time by 1.7 hours a day; H3 alone cut 2.0 days and 1.3 hours. The headache-impact questionnaire, though, didn't improve significantly.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 11
    Source
    Ramsden CE et al. BMJ, 2021 · PubMed 34526307
    Study
    Randomized controlled trial · 182 adults, 16 weeks
    Keep in mind
    One trial, not yet replicated; food was supplied to participants.

  15. “In a Belgian randomized trial of 55 people, 400 mg a day for 3 months halved headache days in 59% of participants versus 15% on placebo.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 15
    Source
    Schoenen J et al. Neurology, 1998 · PubMed 9484373
    Study
    Randomized, placebo-controlled trial · 55 patients
    Keep in mind
    Riboflavin (vitamin B2) supplement by mouth.

  16. “In a Swiss trial of 42 people, 100 mg [of CoQ10] three times a day halved attack frequency in 47.6% vs. 14.4% on placebo, in the third month.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 15
    Source
    Sándor PS et al. Neurology, 2005 · PubMed 15728298
    Study
    Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · 42 patients
    Keep in mind
    Supplement by mouth; small study.

  17. “In a small scan study of 10 people with migraine, stomach emptying was delayed both during and between attacks compared with people without migraine.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 16
    Source
    Aurora SK et al. Headache, 2006 · PubMed 16412152
    Study
    Gastric scan study · 10 vs 10 people
    Keep in mind
    Very small study.

  18. “In a 3-month diary study of 327 people, menstruation raised the risk of an attack by up to 96%; every other factor studied changed it by less than 35%.”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 17
    Source
    Wöber C et al. (PAMINA). Cephalalgia, 2007 · PubMed 17376107
    Study
    Prospective diary study · 327 people

  19. “In a review of 40 studies, about 26% of adults with celiac disease had headaches…”

    Where we say it
    Migraine Food Guide, p. 13
    Source
    Zis P et al. Nutrients, 2018 · PubMed 30301194
    Study
    Systematic review and meta-analysis · 40 studies

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. STOP MIGRAINE products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Studies cited concern individual ingredients and approaches, not our products. This page is for information only and is not medical advice; talk to your healthcare provider about your migraine treatment.